That/Which/Who/Whom
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Select with correct pronoun (with appropriate punctuation and subject-verb agreement) from the choices offered.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Digital photography (a), which is yet to be perfected, (b) that is yet to be perfected (c) which is yet to be perfected shows great promise in all media.
Correct
Because the clause relates information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, the non-restrictive clause must begin with the word which and be separated (set off) by commas.
Incorrect
The clause relates information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, therefore the non-restrictive clause must begin with the word which and be separated (set off) by commas.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
What did you think of that digital photograph (a) that (b) which was published in last month’s issue of “Wired”?
Correct
The phrase “that was published” must begin with that because it is essential (i.e., restrictive) to the meaning of the sentence by identifying a particular digital photograph.
Incorrect
The phrase “that was published” must begin with that because it is essential (i.e., restrictive) to the meaning of the sentence by identifying a particular digital photograph.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
The stock certificates (a) that (b) which were mailed to the brokerage house today are counterfeit.
Correct
Incorrect
The clause “that were mailed to the brokerage house today” must begin with that because it is essential (i.e., restrictive) to the proper/intended meaning of the sentence.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Sally is the only one of the reporters (a) who have (b) that have (c) who has (d) that has refused to respond to the subpoena.
Correct
Only one reporter is characterized as refusing to respond.
Incorrect
Who should be used when referring to people or things endowed with human qualities and only one reporter is characterized as refusing to respond.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Personal income tax returns, (a) that (b) which are always due in April, are not a pleasant harbinger of spring.
Correct
The clause, which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, is non-restrictive and therefore must begin with which and be set off by commas. In this example, the information that follows the relative pronoun which is not required to identify a particular type of personal income tax return; the clause merely adds supplemental information in the sentence.
Incorrect
The clause, which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, is non-restrictive and therefore must begin with which and be set off by commas. In this example, the information that follows the relative pronoun which is not required to identify a particular type of personal income tax return; the clause merely adds supplemental information in the sentence.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
This is one of those offers (a) that (b) which fooled many people.
Correct
That is the correct choice because it introduces an essential or restrictive clause.
Incorrect
Which introduces non-restrictive (non-essential) clauses. The clause in the sentence is restrictive and essential to the sentence’s meaning; therefore that is required.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
Auto workers (a) who (b) that (c) which have accumulated 25 years of service are eligible for the special medical supplement policy.
Correct
Who is used in both restrictive and non-restrictive phrases and clauses when they refer to people or things endowed with human qualities.
Incorrect
Who must be used because the clause refers to people.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Sores (a), which do not heal normally, (b) that do not heal normally can be a warning signal of cancer.
Correct
The information in the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence and therefore should begin with the word that and should not be separated by commas.
Incorrect
The information in the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence and therefore should begin with the word that and should not be separated by commas.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
The woman (a) that (b) who (c) whom police said vandalized the Ann Arbor Library has been arrested.
Correct
When talking about people, switch to who or whom. The trick here is that “police said” is an attribution. Try reading the sentence with it: “The woman who vandalized the library.”
Incorrect
When talking about people, switch from that or which to who or whom.
Beware of the tricky attribution clause “police said,” which confuses the choice between who and whom, both used for people. Try temporarily disregarding the attribution clause.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
Give the present to (a) who (b) whom you like best.
Correct
Whom not who is appropriate because whom serves as the direct object of the verb “like.”
– Think: “You like him (not he) best.”
– Replace him/he with whom/who: “Give the present to whom (not who) you like best.”Incorrect
Whom not who is appropriate because whom serves as the direct object of the verb “like.”
– Think: “You like him (not he) best.”
– Replace him/he with whom/who: “Give the present to whom (not who) you like best.”